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新聞中心1、在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)內(nei)，非因(yin)(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)傷害(hai)的(de)(de)依據《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷保險條(tiao)例》第十(shi) 四條(tiao)第（一）規定，在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)內(nei)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)事故傷害(hai)的(de)(de)應當(dang)認(ren)定為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 傷，這就是(shi)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)的(de)(de)“三工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。“三工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”中最核心的(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)是(shi)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)”，是(shi)構(gou)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷的(de)(de)充 分(fen)條(tiao)件，“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)”和(he)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)”更(geng)多的(de)(de)是(shi)證明工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)輔助因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)，同時也對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo) 原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)起補(bu)強作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。根(gen)據最高法(fa)院司法(fa)解釋規定，在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)內(nei)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)傷害(hai)，用(yong)人(ren) 單(dan)位(wei)或者社(she)會保險行政部門沒(mei)有證據證明是(shi)非工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)，則推定為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)，亦可 認(ren)定為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷。當(dang)然，如果用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)有證據證明員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)內(nei)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)傷害(hai)并非 因(yin)(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)導致(zhi)，則不能認(ren)定為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷。
2、在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時(shi)間和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作場所內(nei)，不(bu)是履(lv)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職責受到(dao)(dao)暴(bao)力(li)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險條例(li)規定(ding)(ding)(ding) 在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時(shi)間和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作場所內(nei)“因(yin)(yin)履(lv)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職責受到(dao)(dao)暴(bao)力(li)等(deng)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)”可認定(ding)(ding)(ding)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)，包(bao)括(kuo)兩 層含義，一層是指職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)(yin)履(lv)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職責，使某些人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)或(huo)違法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)沒(mei)有達到(dao)(dao)，這 些人(ren)出于報(bao)復而對該職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)力(li)人(ren)身傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)；另一層是指在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時(shi)間和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作場所內(nei)，職 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)(yin)履(lv)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職責受到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，諸如(ru)地震、廠區失(shi)火(huo)、車間房屋(wu)倒塌(ta)以(yi)及由(you)于單位其 他設施不(bu)安全(quan)而造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)等(deng)。“因(yin)(yin)履(lv)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職責受到(dao)(dao)暴(bao)力(li)等(deng)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)”強調的(de)(de)(de)是受到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de) 傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)與履(lv)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職責之間存在有因(yin)(yin)果(guo)關系(xi)。如(ru)果(guo)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)(yin)個人(ren)利益(yi)、個人(ren)私怨等(deng)原因(yin)(yin)受到(dao)(dao)暴(bao) 力(li)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，顯然無法(fa)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)。
3、因工外出期間(jian)從事個(ge)人活動(dong)受到傷害的因工外出期間(jian)一般包括以下(xia)情形：
1、員(yuan)工 受用(yong)人(ren)單位指(zhi)派或者因工作需(xu)要(yao)在工作場所以外(wai)從事與工作職責有關的活(huo)動(dong)期(qi)間；
2、員 工受(shou)用(yong)人單位指派外出學習或者開會期間；
3、員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)需要的(de)(de)其(qi)他外(wai)出(chu)(chu)活動期間(jian)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 傷(shang)保(bao)險條(tiao)例規定職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)外(wai)出(chu)(chu)期間(jian)，由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原因(yin)(yin)受到傷(shang)害(hai)或者發生事(shi)故下(xia)落不明的(de)(de)，應 當認定為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)，這里強調的(de)(de)是“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原因(yin)(yin)”。如(ru)果員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)因(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)外(wai)出(chu)(chu)期間(jian)從事(shi)個人(ren)活動，則 不能認定為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)。最高人(ren)民法院(yuan)在(zai)《關于審(shen)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險行政案(an)件若干問題的(de)(de)規定》中對此亦進(jin)行了明(ming)確，“職工(gong)(gong)(gong)因工(gong)(gong)(gong)外出期間從事與工(gong)(gong)(gong)作或者受用人(ren)單位指派(pai)外出學習、開會(hui)無關(guan) 的個人(ren)活動受到傷(shang)害，社會(hui)保(bao)險行政部門不(bu)認定為工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)的，人(ren)民法院應予支(zhi)持”。
4、在上下班(ban)途(tu)中發生(sheng)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故但(dan)本人(ren)(ren)負主要(yao)責(ze)任或(huo)全(quan)部(bu)責(ze)任的上下班(ban)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故是工 傷(shang)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)的常見類型，但(dan)并非所(suo)有(you)在上下班(ban)途(tu)中發生(sheng)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故都能認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)工傷(shang)，這里需考慮 員工在交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故中的責(ze)任大小。工傷(shang)保險(xian)條例規(gui)定(ding)上下班(ban)途(tu)中受到(dao)“非本人(ren)(ren)主要(yao)責(ze)任的交(jiao)(jiao) 通(tong)事(shi)故”可認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)工傷(shang)，“非本人(ren)(ren)主要(yao)責(ze)任”如(ru)(ru)何理解(jie)？具體是指“無(wu)責(ze)任”、“次要(yao)責(ze) 任”、“同等責(ze)任”。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)交(jiao)(jiao)警部(bu)門出具的事(shi)故認(ren)(ren)定(ding)結論為(wei)員工個人(ren)(ren)承擔事(shi)故的“主要(yao)責(ze) 任”或(huo)“全(quan)部(bu)責(ze)任”，則(ze)不能認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)工傷(shang)。
5、在工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間和工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)崗位(wei)，突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)搶救(jiu)無(wu)效在 48 小時(shi)后(hou)死(si)亡(wang)的(de)工(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)條例規定 “在工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間和工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)崗位(wei)，突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)死(si)亡(wang)或(huo)者在 48 小時(shi)之內(nei)經搶救(jiu)無(wu)效死(si)亡(wang)的(de)”視同工(gong) 傷(shang)。“突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)”包括各(ge)類疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，不要求與工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)有(you)關聯。實務(wu)中較為(wei)常見的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)心臟病(bing)(bing)(bing)、 腦出血(xue)、心肌梗塞(sai)等突(tu)發(fa)性疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。“48 小時(shi)”的(de)起算(suan)時(shi)間，以(yi)醫療(liao)機構的(de)初次診(zhen)斷時(shi)間 作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)起算(suan)時(shi)間。員工(gong)雖然是(shi)在工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間和工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)崗位(wei)突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，但經過搶救(jiu)無(wu)效 48 小時(shi)之后(hou)才死(si)亡(wang)的(de)，不屬于視同工(gong)傷(shang)的(de)情(qing)形。
6、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位突(tu)發(fa)疾病(bing)(bing)請假(jia)回(hui)家后(hou)(hou)再到(dao)(dao)醫院(yuan)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)或死亡(wang)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)能視同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)最 高(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)（2017）最高(gao)(gao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)申 3687 號裁(cai)(cai)定(ding)(ding)書(shu)認為，《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險條(tiao)例(li)》第(di)(di)十五條(tiao)第(di)(di)一款(kuan) 第(di)(di)(一)項規定(ding)(ding)，職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位，突(tu)發(fa)疾病(bing)(bing)死亡(wang)或者在 48 小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)之內經(jing)搶救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)無(wu) 效死亡(wang)的(de)(de)，視同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)。上述條(tiao)款(kuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)針對在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位上突(tu)發(fa)疾病(bing)(bing)，不(bu)(bu)能堅持(chi) 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)緊(jin)急到(dao)(dao)醫院(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)搶救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況而設定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)。如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)在回(hui)家之后(hou)(hou)再到(dao)(dao)醫院(yuan)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)或突(tu)發(fa) 疾病(bing)(bing)死亡(wang)的(de)(de)，就不(bu)(bu)屬于這一條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)范圍。本案(an)中，張海生在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位感(gan) 到(dao)(dao)身體(ti)不(bu)(bu)適，請假(jia)回(hui)家后(hou)(hou)臥床休息，至次日被家人(ren)(ren)發(fa)現、經(jing)搶救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)無(wu)效死亡(wang)。雖然該(gai)不(bu)(bu)幸后(hou)(hou) 果(guo)值得同(tong)情(qing)(qing)，但并不(bu)(bu)屬于《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險條(tiao)例(li)》上規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)視同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)情(qing)(qing)形，省人(ren)(ren)力社(she)保(bao)(bao)廳作(zuo)出不(bu)(bu) 予認定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)決定(ding)(ding)于法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)據。一、二審法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)認定(ding)(ding)事實清楚(chu)，適用(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規并無(wu)不(bu)(bu)當。——《代 秋燕、河北省人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源和社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)廳勞動(dong)和社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政管理(勞動(dong)、社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang))再審審查(cha) 與審判(pan)監督行(xing)(xing)(xing)政裁(cai)(cai)定(ding)(ding)書(shu)》（2017）最高(gao)(gao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)申 3687 號人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)部法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規司《關于 如(ru)何(he)理解<工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險條(tiao)例(li)>第(di)(di)十五條(tiao)第(di)(di)（一）項的(de)(de)復(fu)函(han)》認為，對條(tiao)例(li)第(di)(di)十五條(tiao)第(di)(di)（一）項 視同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亡(wang)的(de)(de)理解和適用(yong)(yong)，應當嚴格按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位、突(tu)發(fa)疾病(bing)(bing)、徑直送醫院(yuan)搶救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu) 等四要(yao)(yao)件(jian)并重(zhong)，具有(you)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)性(xing)、連貫性(xing)來掌(zhang)握，具體(ti)情(qing)(qing)形主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括：
（一）職工在工作(zuo)時間 和工作(zuo)崗位突發(fa)疾病當場死亡；
; （二）職工在工作(zuo)時(shi)間和工作(zuo)崗位突發疾(ji)病，且(qie)情(qing)況緊急， 直接送醫(yi)院或醫(yi)療機構(gou)當場搶救并(bing)在 48 小時(shi)內死亡等。至于其他情(qing)形，如(ru)雖(sui)在工作(zuo)時(shi)間、工作崗位發病或者自感(gan)不(bu)適，但未送醫院搶救而是回家(jia)休息，48 小時內死(si)亡的，不(bu)應視 同工傷。
7、非因(yin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)對遇(yu)險(xian)者實(shi)施(shi)救助(zhu)導致(zhi)(zhi)傷(shang)(shang)亡(wang)又未經(jing)有(you)關部門(men)認定(ding)為(wei)見(jian)義(yi)勇為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)《工(gong)(gong) 傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)條(tiao)例》第(di) 15 條(tiao)第(di)（二）項(xiang)規定(ding)在搶險(xian)救災等維護國家利益、公共利益活(huo)動中(zhong)(zhong)受(shou)到 傷(shang)(shang)害的(de)(de)(de)視同(tong)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)，這里需注意司(si)法實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)做法。《最高人民(min)法院(yuan)關于(yu)非因(yin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)對遇(yu) 險(xian)者實(shi)施(shi)救助(zhu)導致(zhi)(zhi)傷(shang)(shang)亡(wang)的(de)(de)(de)情形是否認定(ding)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)問題的(de)(de)(de)答復》（【2014】行他字第(di) 2 號）中(zhong)(zhong)意 見(jian)如(ru)下(xia)：非因(yin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)對遇(yu)險(xian)者實(shi)施(shi)救助(zhu)導致(zhi)(zhi)傷(shang)(shang)亡(wang)的(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)未經(jing)有(you)關部門(men)認定(ding)為(wei)見(jian)義(yi)勇為(wei)， 似不(bu)屬(shu)于(yu)《工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)條(tiao)例》第(di)十(shi)五條(tiao)第(di)一款第(di)（二）項(xiang)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)視同(tong)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)情形。考慮到請示 所涉案件中(zhong)(zhong)張詩春舍身救人的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)值得(de)提倡，建(jian)議(yi)你院(yuan)與下(xia)級(ji)法院(yuan)協調(diao)當地有(you)關部門(men)，盡(jin) 可(ke)能通(tong)過(guo)其他方式做好相(xiang)關安撫(fu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，以妥善化(hua)解爭議(yi)。
8、故意(yi)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)導致(zhi)傷(shang)亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據《工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)條(tiao)例》第十六條(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，職工(gong)(gong)有下列情(qing)形(xing)之 一的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不得認定(ding)(ding)為工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)或者(zhe)視同工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)：（一）故意(yi)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)；明知自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為會發生(sheng)危(wei)害社(she) 會的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)，井且希望或者(zhe)放任(ren)這種結果(guo)(guo)發生(sheng)，因而(er)構成犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是故意(yi)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)。故意(yi)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 社(she)會影響(xiang)惡劣，對(dui)(dui)國家(jia)、社(she)會和(he)公民的(de)(de)(de)(de)財產、利(li)益等損(sun)害較(jiao)大，本(ben)著引導公民遵紀守法的(de)(de)(de)(de) 精神，對(dui)(dui)于故意(yi)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)惡劣情(qing)形(xing)，法律設定(ding)(ding)了不利(li)后果(guo)(guo)，將其排除在工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)制度之外， 不予(yu)認定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)。“故意(yi)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)認定(ding)(ding)，應當以刑(xing)事偵查機關、檢察機關和(he)審判(pan)機關的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)效 法律文書或者(zhe)結論性(xing)意(yi)見為依據。需特別注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是，過失犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)亡不影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)認定(ding)(ding)， 比如交(jiao)通肇事罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)、重大責任(ren)事故罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)。
9、醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)或者吸毒導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)傷亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律將(jiang)因醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)傷亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情形排除(chu)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷認(ren)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍之(zhi) 外，主要(yao)是考(kao)慮國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些法(fa)律規定(ding)禁止醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)后工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)、醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)后駕車等(deng)，因此(ci)，由于(yu)(yu)醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)導(dao) 致(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)為失(shi)去控(kong)制而引發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種事(shi)故(gu)不能(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷處理，這樣規定(ding)也是為了在一定(ding)程度上控(kong) 制職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)后工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，減(jian)少工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷事(shi)故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。對于(yu)(yu)醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)標準，可以參照《車輛(liang)駕駛人員血液、 呼氣酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)精含(han)量(liang)閾值值與檢驗》國家(jia)標準(GB19522-2004）。這一標準規定(ding)：駕駛人員血液 中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)精含(han)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)(yu)（等(deng)于(yu)(yu)） 20 毫(hao)克／100 毫(hao)升(sheng)、小于(yu)(yu) 80 毫(hao)克／100 毫(hao)升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為屬于(yu)(yu)飲(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu) 駕車，含(han)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)(yu)（等(deng)于(yu)(yu)） 80 毫(hao)克／100 毫(hao)升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為屬于(yu)(yu)醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)駕車。公(gong)安機關交(jiao)通管理部(bu) 門、醫療機構(gou)等(deng)有關單位依(yi)法(fa)出(chu)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)結(jie)論、診斷證明等(deng)材(cai)料(liao)，可以作(zuo)(zuo)為認(ren)定(ding)醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi) 據。吸毒在醫學上多稱藥物依(yi)賴和藥物濫(lan)用，吸毒對人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體(ti)健康造成了嚴重(zhong)損害，造成 社(she)會財富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)損失(shi)和浪費，毒品交(jiao)易活(huo)動加劇了各種違法(fa)犯罪活(huo)動，擾亂(luan)了社(she)會治安， 給社(she)會穩(wen)定(ding)帶來巨(ju)(ju)大(da)威脅(xie)。相(xiang)比醉(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，吸毒在行(xing)為人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主觀過錯、社(she)會危害性等(deng)方面，有 過之(zhi)而無不及(ji)，借鑒國際公(gong)約(yue)相(xiang)關規定(ding)，我(wo)國亦將(jiang)吸毒排除(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷認(ren)定(ding)范圍之(zhi)外。
10、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殘或者(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殺(sha)的(de)(de)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殘”是(shi)指(zhi)通(tong)過各種(zhong)手(shou)段(duan)和(he)方(fang)式(shi)傷害自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)身體(ti)，井造成傷害 結果的(de)(de)行為(wei)。“自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殺(sha)”是(shi)指(zhi)通(tong)過各種(zhong)手(shou)段(duan)和(he)方(fang)式(shi)結束自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己生(sheng)命的(de)(de)行為(wei)。有(you)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殘或者(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殺(sha) 是(shi)員工(gong)(gong)精神狀態(tai)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)，但(dan)也有(you)的(de)(de)不能排除是(shi)為(wei)了獲得工(gong)(gong)傷待遇(yu)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殘或者(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殺(sha)與 工(gong)(gong)作沒有(you)必然聯系，員工(gong)(gong)應對其(qi)主觀故意承(cheng)擔責任(ren)，因此，不能認定(ding)工(gong)(gong)傷。實務中比(bi)較難 做(zuo)得到的(de)(de)是(shi)怎么證(zheng)明(ming)員工(gong)(gong)是(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殘或者(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殺(sha)？畢竟不是(shi)人人都會留下遺書的(de)(de)，這個舉(ju)證(zheng)責任(ren) 在(zai)用人單位。
11、非從事(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)預防和相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)員(yuan)工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)期(qi)間感(gan)染新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)認(ren)定為工(gong) 傷(shang)人(ren)(ren)社部于 2020 年(nian) 2 月 21 日針對(dui)(dui)企(qi)業(ye)復工(gong)復產中(zhong)普遍(bian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)心的(de)(de)勞動用(yong)工(gong)、勞動關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系、工(gong)資 待遇、社保(bao)繳費等方面有關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)進行了解答(da)，其中(zhong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)于工(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，人(ren)(ren)社部意見如(ru)下： 《關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)于因履行工(gong)作(zuo)職責感(gan)染新(xin)(xin)(xin)型冠(guan)狀(zhuang)病毒(du)(du)肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)醫(yi)護及(ji)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)保(bao)障問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)通 知》（人(ren)(ren)社部函〔2020〕11 號）中(zhong)明確(que)在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)預防和救治(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)，醫(yi)護及(ji)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo) 人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)因履行工(gong)作(zuo)職責，感(gan)染新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)或因新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)死亡的(de)(de)，應(ying)認(ren)定為工(gong)傷(shang)，依法享(xiang)受工(gong)傷(shang) 保(bao)險(xian)待遇。這是(shi)在(zai)抗擊(ji)疫情期(qi)間，對(dui)(dui)于新(xin)(xin)(xin)型冠(guan)狀(zhuang)病毒(du)(du)職業(ye)暴露(lu)風險(xian)高的(de)(de)從事(shi)預防和救治(zhi)的(de)(de) 醫(yi)護及(ji)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)特(te)殊政策，體現了黨和國家(jia)對(dui)(dui)醫(yi)護和相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)愛。如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)(bu) 是(shi)從事(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)預防和相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，感(gan)染新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)認(ren)定為工(gong)傷(shang)的(de)(de)。